Reading 6

Source: http://www.depressionalliance.org/help-and-information/what-is-depression.php

WHAT IS DEPRESSION?

The word 'depression' is used to describe everyday feelings of low mood which can affect us all from time to time. Feeling sad or fed up is a normal reaction to experiences that are upsetting, stressful or difficult; those feelings will usually pass.
If you are affected by depression, you are not 'just' sad or upset. You have an illness which means that intense feeling of persistent sadness, helplessness and hopelessness are accompanied by physical effects such as sleeplessness, a loss of energy, or physical aches and pains.
Sometimes people may not realize how depressed they are, especially if they have been feeling the same for a long time, if they have been trying to cope with their depression by keeping themselves busy, or if their depressive symptoms are more physical than emotional.
Here is a list of the most common symptoms of depression. As a general rule, if you have experienced four or more of these symptoms, for most of the day nearly every day, for over two weeks, then you should seek help.

o Tiredness and loss of energy
o Persistent sadness
o Loss of self-confidence and self-esteem
o Difficulty concentrating
o Not being able to enjoy things that are usually pleasurable or interesting
o Undue feelings of guilt or worthlessness
o Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness
o Sleeping problems - difficulties in getting off to sleep or waking up much earlier than usual
o Avoiding other people, sometimes even your close friends
o Finding it hard to function at work/college/school
o Loss of appetite
o Loss of sex drive and/ or sexual problems
o Physical aches and pains
o Thinking about suicide and death
o Self-harm

Vocabulary:
Mood = Suasana hati/keadaan  jiwa symptom = Gejala
Affect = Mempengaruhi Loss = Kehilangan
Sadneess = Kesedihan Suicide = Bunuh diri.
Realize = Menyadari         Avoiding = Menghindarkan
Cope = Menanggulangi Death = Kematian

Answer the following question with the correct answer:
1. What is depression?
2. Why sometimes people don’t realize if they are under depressed?
3. From the list of the most common symptoms of depression above, what will you do to solve it?

Reading 5

Sumber : http://psychcentral.com/lib/2007/five-beginning-steps-for-dealing-with-trauma/

FIVE STEPS FOR DEALING WITH TRAUMA

By MARY ELLEN COPELAND, PH.D.

Did you know that bad things that have happened to you in your life can cause or worsen psychiatric symptoms? More and more research confirms the strong connection between traumatic life events and psychiatric symptoms. If you feel this is true for you, medications may help you be able to do some work on this issue (you can decide about that) but there are other things you will need to do. Begin with the following:

1. When you are traumatized, you lose control of your life. You may feel like you still don’t have any control over your life. You have to take back that control by being in charge of every aspect of your life. Others, including your spouse, family members, friends and health care professionals will try to tell you what to do. Before you do it, think about it carefully. Do you feel that it is the best thing for you to do right now? If not, you should not do it. It is important that you make decisions about your own life.

2. Talk to one or more people about what happened to you. Make sure it is a person or people who understand that what happened to you is serious and that describing it over and over again to another person is part of the healing process. It should not be a person who says something like: “That wasn’t so bad;” “You should just forget about it;” “Forgive and forget;” or “You think that’s bad, let me tell you what happened to me.” You will know when you have described it enough, because you won’t feel like doing it anymore. Writing about it in your journal also helps a lot.

3. You may not feel close to anyone. You may feel like there is no one you can trust. Begin now to develop close relationships with another person. Think about the person in your life that you like best. Invite them to do something fun with you. If that feels good, make a plan to do something else together at another time, maybe the following week. Keep doing this until you feel close to this person. Then, without giving up on that person, start developing a closer relationship with another person. Keep doing this until you have close relationships with at least five people. Support groups and peer support centers are good places to meet people.

4. If you possibly can, work with a counselor or join a group for people who have been traumatized.
5. Develop a Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP) so you can do what you need to stay well, and so you can effectively respond to symptoms whenever they come up.

Vocabulary:
Symptom = gejala/memperlihatkan tanda Close = Dekat
Research = Penelitian         Trust = Percaya/mempercayai
Lose = kehilangan         Relationship = Hubungan
Healing = Menyembuhkan         Possibly = Mungkin
Forgive = Memaafkan         Effectively = Secara efektif

Answer the following question with the correct answer:
1. Explain five steps for dealing with trauma above in your own words!
2. Do you agree or disagree with those 5 steps for dealing with trauma above? Explain it.
3. After you read this passage, what did you get?

Reading

Source: http://l-pawlik-kienlen.suite101.com/spending-time-with-the-ex-a12806

                Can Divorced Partners

Be Friends Ex Friendships

 Sometimes divorced partners can be friends, depending on the circumstances. Here are some guidelines for ex friendships, or being friends with ex-wives or ex-husbands. Children may be the reason ex-wives and ex-husbands stay in touch with ex-husbands or ex-wives, but can divorced partners actually be friends? Yes, in certain circumstances -- but sometimes staying friends after divorce is harmful for everyone.

Here's how to survive a separation and divorce (without repeated calls to your divorce lawyer or mediator!Take Kim, for instance. This ex-wife spends alot of time with Brian, her ex-husband. In fact, they often discuss her relationship with her current live-in boyfriend. Nothing is off limits – not even discussions about physical intimacy – though her ex-husband draws the line at spending the night at their house.

Kim is having trouble letting go of her ex-husband - and is flirting with an emotional affair. In this case, it may not be healthy for divorced partners to be friends.

Can Divorced Partners Be Friends? Ex-Wife and Ex-Husband Friendships.Is spending time with the ex-husband harmful or helpful to Kim and her children? Even a divorce lawyer can't say for sure because depends on several factors: trust, personality, comfort level, motivation, and so on. Each situation is different.

Here are a few guidelines to help sort out whether divorced partners can be friends with ex-wives or ex-husbands (here, "spending time" means one-on-one visits for lunch, dinner, movies, walks, telephone conversations, etc.

It's Harmful for Divorced Partners to be Friends When They:

Aren't "over" the ex and still struggle with intimate feelings.

Want to re-establish an intimate relationship with the ex-wife or ex-husband.

Are with a current partner who isn't comfortable with it.

Have sex with the ex-husband or ex-wife.

Are more honest and authentic with the ex than your divorced partner (this is emotional intimacy).

Often turn to the ex-husband or ex-wife for advice and help.

Are abused by the ex-wife or ex-husband.

Fight with the divorced partner.

Have unresolved feelings, emotions, and conflicts about the divorced husband or wife.

Haven't established new friendships since separating from the divorced partner.

If you're wondering if you can be friends with your ex-husband or ex-wife, ask what your motivation for spending time with your divorced partner is. If you have healthy reasons, then spending time with your divorced partner may not be harmful.

It's Helpful for Ex-Wives and Ex-Husbands to be Friends When They:

Can be with the ex-husband or ex-wife and the current partner at the same time.

Have children with the divorced partner and share the responsibilities of raising them.

Had a strong friendship with the divorced partner when together, which is naturally continuing.

Have a platonic, nonsexual relationship with the ex-husband or ex-wife.

Are supported by the current partner.

Have appropriate boundaries that the divorced partner is comfortable with.

Divorced Partners Can Be Friends if Trust Exists

Spending time with your ex-husband or ex-wife could raise issues of trust and jealousy in the current relationship. It may be a constant reminder to your partner that you did love this person, even if it was long ago, and you shared intimate moments with them. If your partner isn't comfortable with this, then maybe it's time to let go of your ex-husband or ex-wife. After all, who's more important: your ex-spouse or your current partner?

If you can set healthy boundaries in love, then it's easier to be friends with an ex-partner.

Divorced Partners Can Be Friends if Your Current Partner is Included

The ideal way to spend time with your ex-wife or ex-husband is by involving your current partner. Once your partner sees the innocence in your friendship, her or she may be more supportive. Divorced partners can be friends when the relationship is open and healthy.

Of course, if your ex-partner abuses you or your children, it's never a good idea to spend time together! Also, make sure it's not a fear of intimacy with your current partner that's driving you to your divorced partner. Maybe you think divorced partners can be friends because you're afraid -- not because you sincerely want to be friend with your ex-spouse.

If you found Can Divorced Partners Can Be Friends? helpful, read How to Let Go of Someone You Love.You may also be interested in How Do I Deal With My Husband's Toxic Ex-Wife?

Vocabulary:

Divorce = Perceraian                                Harmful = Berbahaya

Circumstance = Keadaan sekitar.              Jeleously = Kecemburuan

Relationship = Hubungan                           Innocence = Keadaan tidak bersalah

Flirting = bercumbu-cumbuan                    Comfortable = Tidak nyaman

Answer the following question with the correct answer:

1.    According to the passage, can divorced partner be friend?

2.    What will you do if this happen to you?

3.    What will you do if this happen to your wife/husband?

Reading

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_heart

BROKEN HEART

A heart symbol broken down the middle is a symbol of a broken heart.A broken heart (or heartbreak) is a common metaphor used to describe the intense emotional pain or suffering one feels after losing a loved one, whether through death, divorce, breakup, physical separation, or romantic rejection.
Heartbreak is usually associated with losing a family member or spouse, though losing a parent, child, pet, lover or close friend can all "break one's heart", and it is frequently experienced during grief and bereavement. The phrase refers to the physical pain one may feel in the chest as a result of the loss, although it also by extension includes the emotional trauma of loss even where it is not experienced as somatic pain. Although "heartbreak" ordinarily does not imply any physical defect in the heart, there is a condition known as "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy" (broken heart syndrome), where a traumatising incident triggers the brain to distribute chemicals that weaken heart tissue.

Research has shown that a broken heart hurts in the same way as pangs of intense physical pain. A 2011 study demonstrated that the same regions of the brain that become active in response to painful sensory experiences are activated during intense experiences of social rejection, or social loss generally. "These results give new meaning to the idea that social rejection 'hurts'," said University of Michigan social psychologist Ethan Kross, lead author of the article.
 The Michigan research implicates the secondary somatosensory cortex and the dorsal posterior insula. Macdonald and Leary had earlier (2005) proposed the evolution of common mechanisms for both physical and emotional pain responses, and noted that multiple languages and cultures use terms like "hurt", "heartbreak", "hurt heart" or "ripped out my heart" to describe responses to social exclusion and argue that such expressions are "more than just a metaphor".
The psychologist and writer Dorothy Rowe recounted that she thought of heartbreak as an empty cliché until she experienced it herself as an adult. Heartbreak can sometimes lead people to seek medical help for the physical symptom, and may then be related to a somatoform disorder.

The neurological process involved in the perception of heartache is not known, but is thought to involve the anterior cingulate cortex of the brain, which during stress may overstimulate to vagus nerve causing pain, nausea or muscle tightness in the chest. Eisenberger and Lieberman showed that rejection is associated with activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and right-ventral pre-frontal cortex, areas established as be involved in processing of pain (including pain experienced in others through empathy).The same researchers mention effect of social stressors on the heart, and personality on perception of pain.
Vocabulary:
Heart break = Patah hati.         Pain = Perasaan sakit / menyakitkan
Breakup = Perceraian. Rejection = Penolakan
Feel = Merasakan.         Stressors = Alat penekan
Emotional = Emosional Brain = Otak
Heartache = Pilu / Sakit hati. Personality = Kepribadian

Ansewer the following question with the correct answer:
1. What is the symbol of broken heart?
2. What is broken heart?
3. What is the cause of heart break?
4. What is the main idea of the 2nd paragraph?
5. What is the synonym of “hurt” in paragraph 3 line 15?
6. What will you say and do to your friend if they are broken heart?

Reading

Source: http://l-pawlik-kienlen.suite101.com/love-love-me-do-a12516

3 Stages of Love in Relationships

Relationships go through three stages of love: the initial feelings of lust or romantic feelings, physical attraction, and finally a deeper emotional attachment.

Reaching the final stage of love isn't just about luck or unconditional acceptance. You can reach the final stage of love with these seven tips for a healthy love life. But to be enjoyed, the three stages of love must first be understood.
What Are the Stages of Love?

The three stages of love are the same for everyone: lust or romantic feelings, physical attraction, and emotional attachment. The stages of love aren't necessarily separated by markers like anniversaries or events (such as getting married). Rather, the three stages of love blend together in one long stroke of love.

Not everyone reaches or stays in the final stage of love, which is when separation or divorce becomes the choice.

The Three Stages of Love in Relationships
Romantic feelings or lust is the first stage of love. Romantic love is driven by testosterone and estrogen. Mating is the evolutionary purpose of this stage of love; it creates strong physical attraction and sets the stage for emotional attachment. In this stage of love, endorphins soak your brain and you're immersed in intense pleasurable sensations. Your lover is perfect, ideal, made for you. In this stage of love you feel exhilarated and even "high" (similar to the feeling you get after you eat really good chocolate or have a great workout). You feel infatuated in this stage of love.

Physical attraction and power struggles make up the second stage of love (the "lovesick" phase). You may lose your appetite, need less sleep, and daydream about your lover on the bus, during meetings, in the shower. In this stage of love, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin are racing through your body and brain. You're also trying to shape your lover into your ideal partner – which is where the power struggles come in. In this stage of relationship, you're becoming more realistic, and you two may fight about things like whether or not to buy organic food or listen to country music. The infatuation is wearing off, a strong emotional attachment begins to set in, and feelings of infatuation fade.

Emotional attachment or unconditional acceptance is the third stage of love. Emotional attachment involves commitment, partnership, and even children (a fear of intimacy prevents many from reaching this stage of love). In this stage of love, you're aware of both positive and negative traits in your partner, and you've decided you want to build a life together. Confrontation is most likely to occur in this stage of love (though if you're authentic and honest, it'll also happen in the second stage of love). You and your partner will either work towards a healthy, loving relationship or decide to call it quits.
Staying in Love

Love isn't just a vehicle that brings happiness and contentment to your life (or bitterness and pain!). Love is a living, dynamic creature that changes, grows, and needs attention -- and you must nurture it. In all three stages of love, your love reveals who you really are, in all your glory and weakness.

All stages of love can help you accept your strengths and weaknesses. All stages of love also reveal your partner's strengths and weaknesses.
7 Tips for All 3 Stages of Love:
Focus on the things you can control: your attitude, your behavior, your words, and your energy. If you want something to change in any stage of a loving relationship, make it your own traits or actions – not your partner's.
Learn healthy ways to express your disappointment, anger, or frustration. Be honest and authentic, and kind and loving in all stages of relationships.
Remember the first stage of love! Recall your feelings of lust, attraction, and desire for your partner. Think about the traits that you were attracted to, and let those old feelings come to life again.
Appreciate your partner's good qualities; be grateful for the life you share. Gratitude can enhance all stages of relationships.
Focus on emotional intimacy in all three stages of love. Be vulnerable to have a healthy love life.
Own your feelings. Your partner can't "make" you feel stupid or worthless. If you feel unfulfilled or sad about your life, look at your own dreams and goals. Are you pursuing the life you were meant to live? Are you following your heart? Develop your personality, mind, and spirit. Figure out what will make you happy in this stage of love, and start creating the life you were meant to live.
Consider counseling in any stage of love. If you've lost that loving feeling, it could be an individual thing that you need to deal with or a couples' issue that you should tackle together. An objective point of view, from a therapist, pastor, or friend you trust, is incredibly helpful in all stages of relationships.

Regardless of what stage of love you're in, you need to know the best way to say "I love you"!

Vocabulary:
Relationship = Hubungan Love = Cinta
Attraction = Daya tarik Partner = Pasangan
Stage = Tingkatan Heart = hati
Romantic = Romantis Gratitude = Terimakasih
Intimacy = Keintiman Personality = Kepribadian

Answer the following question with the correct answer:
1. Mention, and explain 3 stages of love in relationship with your own word.
2. What is the main idea in the 5th paragraph?
3. “it” in paragraph 5 line 15 refers to . . .
4. The word “intimacy” has same meaning with . . .
5. The antonym of word “love” . . .
6. What did you get after read this passage ?

Reading

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology

Psychology

Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. Grounded in scientific method, psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.

Psychologists explore such concepts as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Psychologists of diverse stripes also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some—especially clinical and counseling psychologists—at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology incorporates research from the social and natural sciences, and from the humanities, such as philosophy.

While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also applied to understanding and solving problems in many different spheres of human activity. The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings. Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in forensic analysis and other aspects of law.

Vocabulary:

Behavior= Perilaku.                        Explore= Menyelidiki.

Method= Metode.                          Relationship= Hubungan.

Researcher= Peneliti.                      Interpretation= Interpretasi.

Attempt= Usaha.                            Assessment= Penilaian.

Scientist= Ilmuwan.                        Scientific= Ilmiah.

Answer the following question with the correct answer:

1.    What is psychology?

2.    What we call for the professional practitioner in psychology?

3.    What the psychologist do in their job?

4.    What is the main idea in the second paragraph?

5.    “It” in paragraph 3 line 16 refers to . . .

6.    What is the synonym of “professional” in the first paragraph?

7.   What is the antonym of “different” in the last paragraph?